| Property | Specification |
| Appearance | Herbaceous plant, with green leaves and small purple or white flowers |
| Plant Height | Typically 30 to 60 cm in height |
| Root Type | Rhizomatic, thick, fleshy roots |
| Stem | Erect, cylindrical, green to brownish in color |
| Leaves | Lanceolate, long, and narrow with a glossy green surface |
| Flower Color | Pale purple to white |
| Flowering Season | May to August |
| Odor | Mild, slightly earthy scent |
| Taste | Bitter (used in traditional medicine) |
| Toxicity | Not toxic, but may cause gastrointestinal distress in excess |
| Texture | Leaves smooth; roots fleshy and slightly fibrous |
| Solubility | Active compounds are soluble in water and ethanol |
| Molecular Composition | Contains iridoid glycosides (picroside I and picroside II) |
